Bibliographic standards

References are abbreviated in footnotes and expanded at the end of the article (so-called Harvard system).

Footnotes

  • The author's name, written in lower case, is followed by the year and the relevant pages:

Durand 1980, pp. 181-188 (and not 181-8 ou 181-88).

  • References by the same author published in the same year are distinguished by the use of lower-case letters a, b, etc. after the year, without spaces:

Martin 1974a, pp. 1-12.

  • In the case of two authors, the second is indicated by ‘and’:

Smith and Stevens 1996.

  • For three or more authors, use ‘et al.’:

James et al. 2012.

  • In the final bibliography, author names are expanded.

  • Semicolons are used to separate multiple references:

Hodder 1980, p. 26; Winkler 2009, p. 11.

Ancient authors

The name of the author is separated by a comma from the title of the work or the number of the chapter and/or passage quoted. If the passage quoted is a translation, it should be stated whether the translation is that of the author of the article. If the translation is from a reference edition, it should be cited in a section entitled "Early Sources" in the final bibliography (see below). Do not abbreviate the title of the cited work:

Sophocles, Electra 4-6.

Pausanias, II, 20, 3-5.

Isodorus Hispalensis, Etymologia or Origines XIV, 6, 12.

Bibliography

  • The final bibliography is arranged in the following order:

  1. List of abbreviations in alphabetical order.

  2. Ancient sources.

  3. Epigraphic sources.

  4. Works.

  • For bibliographical references in a foreign language, English punctuation should be used.

  • The surname, followed by the initial(s) of the first name(s), should be written in small capitals, with initials in capital:

Hodder I.

  • Only the first letter is needed to abbreviate first names:

Christophe Thiers = Thiers C.

  • The initials of French compound forenames are separated by a hyphen:

Jean-Philippe Lauer = Lauer J.-P.

  • Initials of Anglo-Saxon compound forenames are separated by a full stop, without a space:

Cecil Mallaby Firth = Firth C.M.

  • In the case of several authors or publishers, the last one is preceded by ‘and’:

Miller J.F. and Newlands C.E. 2014, A Handbook to the Reception of Ovid, Malden-Oxford

Morel J.P. 1983, ‘La céramique comme indice du commerce antique (réalités et interprétations)’, in P. Garnsey and C.R. Whittaker (ed.), Trade and Famine in Classical Antiquity, Cambridge, pp. 66-74.

  • No comma is required between the author’s name and the year:

Dupond J. 1992.

  • ‘(ed.)’, ‘(dir.)’, etc. are placed before the year of publication:

Laubenheimer F. (dir.) 2001.

  • Reprints: use the terms 2nd, 3rd ed., etc. (instead of 1980² or [1972] 1980):

Will É. 1980, Le monde grec et l’Orient (2nd ed.), Paris.

  • If no date is given (n.d.), (in press) or (forthcoming) are used.

  • If the work is part of a collection, it must be mentioned, together with its number in Arabic numerals.

  • Volume numbers of journals, collections, etc. are given in Arabic numerals. The name of the periodical and its number are not separated by a comma:

Syria 42.

  • Place of publication:

    • must be given systematically in English: London and not Londres, Padua and not Padova, etc.

    • if there are several places of publication, they should be separated by a hyphen:

Redman C. 1978, Social Archaeology, New York-London.

  • The name of the publisher is only necessary for rare or old editions.

Volume authored

Morris I. 1992, Death Ritual and Social Structure in Classical Antiquity, Cambridge.

Paranavitana S. 1970, Inscriptions of Ceylon I, Colombo.

Trendall A.D. and Cambitoglou A. 1982, The Red-Figured Vases of Apulia II, Oxford.

Editions and translations

Bachelard G. 1956, L’eau et les rêves. Essai sur l’imagination de la matière (2nd ed.), Paris.

Tschipke T. 2003, L’humanité du Christ comme instrument de salut de la divinité (transl. P. Secrétan), Fribourg.

Proceedings

Check whether the mention of the proceedings is part of the title or whether it is the subtitle (i.e. it appears on the title page inside the book). If not, it should not be indicated.

  • ‘Proceedings...’ is part of the title

Barthèlemy D. and Lamoine F. 2000, ‘La céramique pré-augustéenne et augustéenne de Mâcon : essai de synthèse’, in L. Rivet (ed.), Actes du congrès de Libourne, 1er-4 juin 2000, Marseille, pp. 197-210.

  • ‘Proceedings…’ is the subtitle

Caire E. 2012, ‘Le bruit des assemblées : Athens, Sparta, Taranto’, in M.T. Schettino and S. Pittia (eds), Les sons du pouvoir dans les mondes anciens. Actes du colloque international de l’université de La Rochelle, 25-27 novembre 2010, Besançon, pp. 71-95.

Series

Extended serie’s name is written in Roman:

Pouderon B. (dir.) 2005, Lieux, décors et paysages de l’ancien roman des origines à Byzance. Actes du 2e colloque de Tours, 24‐26 octobre 2002, Collection de la Maison de l’Orient méditerranéen ancien 34. Série littéraire et philosophique 8, Lyon.

Exhibition catalogues

Information about the exhibition itself can be specified (optional); it is then placed in brackets.

Vivier M.-F. (ed.) 2007, Ideqqi. Art de femmes berbères, exh. cat. (Paris, Musée du Quai Branly, 19 June-16 September 2007), Milan-Paris.

If it is not possible to quote the authors:

Collective 2000, D’après l’Antique, exh. cat., Paris, 2000.

Authored article in journal

Extended journal title is written in italics:

Dickie M.W. 1991, ‘Heliodorus and Plutarch on the Evil Eye’, Classical Philology 86, pp. 17-29.

Pollini A. 2012, ‘Limites et occupation de l’espace dans les colonies grecques du sud de l’Italie’, Pallas 89, pp. 123-142.

Authored article in journal with thematic dossier

Lavaud S. 2018, La fabrique historiographique et mythographique de la croisade albigeoise (xixe-début xxe siècle), Médiévales 74. Chanter la Croisade Albigeoise, ed. K. Bernard, pp. 9-26, DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/medievales.8325.

Dictionary or encyclopaedia items

Volume number is in Roman numerals (upper case); s.v. introducing the item.

Balty J.-C. 1981, Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae I, s.v. ‘Antiocheia’, pp. 840-851.

Authored paper in edited volume

The title of the collective work is introduced by ‘in’. The names of the scientific editors are in lower case.

Dussart O. 2000, ‘Quelques indices d’ateliers de verriers en Jordanie et en Syrie du Sud de la fin de l’époque hellénistique à l’époque islamique’, in M.‑D. Nenna (ed.), La route du verre, Travaux de la Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée 33, Lyon, pp. 91-96.

Unpublished dissertations and thesis

Castel G. 1979, Matériaux pour servir à une étude de l’habitat rural et bédouin en Égypte, PhD thesis, Université Lumière Lyon 2 (unpublished).

Moorti U.S. 1985, Megalithic Culture of South India, PhD thesis, University of Poona (unpublished).

Note: theses published should not be distinguished from monographs.

Ancient sources

The reference editions used for the translations cited in the text should be listed in a ‘ancient sources’ section. They will be indicated in the form Author, Title of the published work, publisher and translator, city of publication, publishing house, date of the first edition:

Epigraphic Collections and Corpora

Corpora are indicated in italics. The volume is cited in Roman numerals separated by a non-breaking space from the referring document in Arabic numerals.

CIL XIII 8553

ILS II 5318

P. Lond. V 1657

Electronic References

Lecocq F. 2009, ‘L’œuf du phénix. Myrrhe, encens et cannelle dans le mythe du phénix’, Schedae 17/2, pp. 107-130, online: http://www.unicaen.fr/puc/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=90 [accessed in April 2019].

If the reference has a DOI, always use the DOI instead of the URL address. There is no need to include the date of consultation, as DOIs are permanent:

Katsaros T., Liritzis I. and Laskaris N. 2010, Identification of Theophrastus’ Pigments egyptios yanos and psimythion from Archaeological Excavations, ArcheoSciences 34, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/archeosciences.2632.

Stevens B.E. 2020, “Not the Lover’s Choice, but the Poet’s”: Classical Receptions in Portrait of a Lady on Fire, Frontière·s 2, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.35562/frontieres.258.

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