Encounters in translation adheres to the APA 7th edition system, for In-text citations and the Reference list. Where in doubt, consult the APA style guide, or the freely available APA Style website’s extensive range of examples, at https://apastyle.apa.org/
In-text citations
General Guidelines
Narrative citation: Author (Year) claims that “quote” (p. xx).
Parenthetical citation: “Quote” (Author, Year, p. xx).
Use a comma to separate the date from page numbers.
Use a semicolon to separate authors in intext references, and a comma to separate years within the same author reference: (Dennett, 1980, p. 115-116; Saldanha, 2004; Baker, 2016).
Example: Among the most important sources of information about our ancestors and neighbours is their trash (Bloggs, 1982). Some scholars have therefore argued that what is discarded bears meaning (Dennett, 1980, p. 115-116, 1998).
In case there is no page number, use paragraph number: (Naumann, 2008, para. 3)
One Author
Narrative citation: Dennett (1980) claims that “quote” (p. 115-116).
Parenthetical citation: “Quote” (Dennett, 1980, p. 115-116).
Two Authors
Narrative citation: De La Lande and McAuley (2021) found that “quote” (p. 328).
Parenthetical citation: “Quote” (De La Lande & McAuley, 2021, p. 328).
Three or more authors
Narrative citation: The findings of Huang et al. (2023) indicate that “quote” (p. 160).
Parenthetical citation: “Quote” (Huang et al., 2023, p. 160).
NB: Any reference with three or more authors always uses the first author’s name followed by et al.
Group author with abbreviation
Narrative citation:
First citation: The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO, 2017) notes that “quote” (para. 9).
Subsequent citation: UNESCO (2017) found that “quote” (para. 9).
Parenthetical citation:
First citation: “Quote” (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization [UNESCO], 2017, para. 9).
Subsequent citations: “Quote” (UNESCO, 2017, para. 9).
Unknown author
In this case, the title (capitalized) of the work moves to the author position. If the title is long, shorten it for the in-text citation. Note that a book title is italicized, but an article title is placed between double quotation marks.
Book with no author: (Management Essentials, 2013)
Magazine article with no author: (“Living With Depression,” 2017)
Same author and same date
Include a lowercase letter after each year (e.g., 1998a, 1998b). The same year-letter combination is used in the reference list.
Repeating a citation
Ibid. is not used. Please reproduce the standard in-text citation every time.
Reference list
What to include
Please provide an alphabetical list of all and only sources cited in your article.
Ordering the list of references
Entries should be listed alphabetically (Baker, Boéri, Harding), then chronologically (2022, 2023, 2024) and then by letter (a, b, c).
DOI
Where a DOI is available, add it at the end of the entry, after a full stop:
Akcan, E. (2018). Writing a global history through translation: An afterword on pedagogical perspectives. Art in Translation, 10(1), 136-142. https://doi.org/10.1080/17561310.2018.1424309
Citing from a non-Roman writing system
If you are citing non-Roman characters, such as Chinese, Arabic or Ancient Greek characters, use an accepted transliteration system. There is no need to add the original characters. Use the original script only when it is not “practical or desirable” to provide a transliteration. See further details here.
Citing translated works
For translations, indicate the name of the translator in brackets after the title, and specify in brackets the year of publication of the original document at the end of the entry.
Piaget, J. (1972). Intellectual evolution from adolescence to adulthood (J. Bliss & H. Furth, Trans.). Human Development, 15(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1159/000271225 (Original work published 1970)
Heidegger, M. (2008). On the essence of truth (J. Sallis, Trans.). In D. F. Krell (Ed.), Basic writings (pp. 111–138). Harper Perennial Modern Thought. (Original work published 1961).
See further details here.
Citing a book with one author
House, J. (2016). Translation as communication across languages and cultures. Routledge.
Citing a book with two authors
Arias Torres, J., & Feria García, M. (2013). Los traductores de árabe del Estado español. Del Protectorado a nuestros días. Bellaterra.
Citing a book with three or more author
Hervey, S.G.J., Higgins, I, & Loughridge, M. (1995). Thinking German translation: A course in translation method - German to English (1st ed.). Routledge.
Citing a book – second or later edition
Bal, M. (2009). Narratology: Introduction to the theory of narrative (3rd ed.). University of Toronto Press. (Original work published 1985).
Citing a book with an editor or editors
Smedley, B. D., Stith, A. Y., & Nelson, A. (Eds.). (2003). Unequal treatment: Confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care. National Academies Press.
Citing a book with an anonymous or unknown author
The university encyclopedia. (1985). Roydon.
Citing a chapter in an edited book
Ødemark, J., Henrichsen, G., & Engebretsen, E. (2021). Knowledge translation. In S. Susam-Saraeva & E. Spişiaková (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of translation and health (pp. 149-161). Routledge.
Citing a journal article in a regular issue
Muller, V. (1994). Trapped in the body: Transsexualism, the law, sexual identity. The Australian Feminist Law Journal, 3(2), 103-107.
NOTE the italics above for the volume number: 3.
Citing a journal special issue
Milan, S., & van der Velden, L. (Eds.). (2018). Data activism [Special issue]. Krisis: Journal for Contemporary Philosophy, 1.
Citing an unpublished dissertation or thesis
Neather, R. (1995). The fu genre in the mid-Tang: A study in generic change [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Cambridge.
Citing webpages and online material
If you cite material from websites, include the URL, but do not include date when last accessed, unless the URL is no longer accessible at the time of submission.
If the web-based resource you are referring to has an author and date, use these for in-text references and list the reference in the reference list accordingly.
Citing online newspaper articles
If the article is the online version of a newspaper with a print edition, the format is as follows:
Eler, A. (2020, January 10). To invite new audiences, twin cities museums are translating the humble wall label. Star Tribune. https://www.startribune.com/at-twin-cities-museums-art-speaks-more-than-one-language/566874902/
If the article is taken from a news website which is online only, note that italics are used for the article title, while the source website is non-italic:
Bologna, C. (2019, October 31). Why some people with anxiety love watching horror movies. HuffPost. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/anxiety-love-watching-horror-movies_l_5d277587e4b02a5a5d57b59e
Citing blog posts
Hamilton, M. (2019, June 7). Weaving science capital through the textiles gallery. Transforming Practice. https://learning.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/blog/weaving-science-capital-through-the-textiles-gallery
Note that here, the blog post is non-italic, while the blog name (Transforming Practice in the above), is italic and in title case.
Citing webpages of organizations or webpages without an author
If the author is not listed, the organization is considered to be the author.
Example with a date available:
American Translators Association. (2012). American Translators Association referenced in supreme court case. http://atanet.org/pressroom/news_release_jan2012_supreme_court.pdf
Example without a date:
Intellectual Property Office. (n.d.). Guidance: Patents step by step. https://www.gov.uk/guidance/patents-step-by-step
Citing social media
Twitter or X post
APA Databases [@APA_Databases]. (2020, September 2). We have curated a collection of journal articles from APA PsycArticles on #COVID19. View: https://bit.ly/2QrWj76 for recent coverage [Image attached] [Post]. X. https://twitter.com/APA_Databases/status/1301175576703664128
For advice on citation of other social media platforms, consult the social media sections of the APA style guide or APA Style website, at https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples.